spring-rabbit的应用

Spring AMQP概述

Spring AMQP是Spring框架对AMQP协议的支持项目，主要包含两个部分：

  1. spring-amqp：基础抽象
  2. spring-rabbit：RabbitMQ实现
    Spring AMQP提供了：
    ● 用于异步处理入站消息的监听器容器
    ● RabbitTemplate用于发送和接收消息
    ● 声明队列、交换机和绑定的支持

代码案例

● pom.xml

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<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

● 配置文件

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spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.31.230
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: v_myhost
    username: admin
    password: admin
    listener:
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual
  application:
    name: amqp

● RabbitMQ配置类

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@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    @Bean
    public Queue myQueue() {
        return new Queue(RabbitMQConstant.QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Exchange myExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange(RabbitMQConstant.EXCHANGE_NAME, true, false, null);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding myBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(myQueue()).to((FanoutExchange) myExchange());
    }
}

● 消息生产者

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@Service
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQProducer {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(
            RabbitMQConstant.EXCHANGE_NAME,
            "", // FanoutExchange不需要路由键
            message
        );
        log.info("消息发送成功: {}", message);
    }
}

● 消息消费者（手动确认）

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@Service
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConstant.QUEUE_NAME)
    public void receiveMessage(String message, Message amqpMessage, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try {
            log.info("收到消息: {}", message);
            // 业务处理...
            channel.basicAck(amqpMessage.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            channel.basicNack(amqpMessage.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        }
    }
}